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Electrical Theory Online

So you're looking for information on Electrical Theory. The word " Electric " is actually a Greek word meaning Amber (a fossilized resin).

They used the term " Electric Force " to describe the repulsive and attractive forces exhibited by amber after it was rubbed by a cloth.

They couldn't really describe what electricity was, but believe it or not, we're still having a hard time trying to definitively define it. We characterize electricity by describing it's behavior, but this doesn't really give us a true understanding of exactly what electricity is.

Common definitions of  electricity are " the flow of electrical power or charge " or " the force that moves electrons ". This is of course similar to saying that an engine is that which makes a car move. Obviously, not exactly the kind of definition we were looking for, but then again, we're still trying to figure out what Gravity is.

Anyway, we're not going to delve any deeper into the true nature of electricity, but rather leave it to Physicists or Philosophers to figure it out. If however, you're interested, then check out the two Electricity & Magnetism Videos, further below on this page.

We'll concentrate on the behavior of electrical forces on nature, and how we go about harnessing and using electricity in practical manner.

Over the years, many theories have been developed about electricity and it's behavior, and some of the scientist involved in these studies were Faraday, Ohm, Lenz,  and Kirchhoff to name just a few.

These scientists observed and described certain behavioral characteristics of electricity. By doing this, they were able to predict the behavior of electricity under different circumstances, and thus over the years, there predictions were characterized as basic principals or  laws.

Video on Electrical Principals & Technologies

By understanding these laws, we can actively manipulate, control and effectively use it. Famous inventors such as Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison took these basic principals and invented ways to harness them.

Thomas Edison has over 1000 patents, and invented (among many things) the phonograph, the first movie projector, a functionnally practical incandescent light bulb, and ways to mass produce and transmit (limited distance) DC current.

Nikola Tesla (the forgotten inventor) is actually the person who invented AC current, which is the type of current we commonly use today.

The invention of AC allowed for the efficient and safe long distance transmission of electrical power, which DC didn't. Nikola Tesla also is credited with the invention of today's motors, transformers, generators, wireless transmission and remote control systems, and much more.

He's really a fascinating story, especially his work and experiments with high frequency high voltage production / transmission. If you're interested in the theoretical aspects of electricity and energy, I would highly recommend doing a little more research on him and his inventions. Try Tesla: Man out of Time or The autobiography of Nicola Tesla.

The understanding of the fundamental principals of electricity has substantially altered our way of life. Electrical engineers and electricians are actively continuing to design and install electrical systems, based on these same basic laws.

Today's electricians need to know and understand many of these basic principals in order for them to perform their work safely. Let's take a closer look at some of the most important electrical symbols and formulas used in the production and distribution of electrical power.

Video about Electron Motion & Batteries



Video about Electromagnets



Electricity & Magnetism Video 1



Electricity & Magnetism Video 2



For those of you who may want more in depth knowledge on the subjects of Electricity & Magnetism, follow this link: MIT Video Lectures and you'll find 36 video lectures on the subject.



Electrical Symbols
 

I - Current =AMPERES or (A = AMPERES)

E - Voltage =VOLTS or (V = VOLTS)
P - Power =WATTS or (W = WATTS)
R - Resistance = OHMS or (R = RESISTANCE)
HP = HORSEPOWER
PF = POWER FACTOR
KILO = 1000
KW = KILOWATTS
KWh = KILOWATT HOUR
VA = VOLT-AMPERES
KVA = KILOVOLT-AMPERES
C = CAPACITANCE
EFF = EFFICIENCY




DC - Direct Current

AMPS= WATTS÷VOLTS I = P ÷ E A = W ÷ V
WATTS= VOLTS x AMPS P = E x I W = V x A
VOLTS= WATTS ÷ AMPS E = P ÷ I V = W ÷ A
HORSEPOWER= (V x A x EFF)÷746
EFFICIENCY= (746 x HP)÷(V x A)

AC - Single Phase ~

AMPS= WATTS÷(VOLTS x PF) I=P÷(E x PF) A=W÷(V x PF)
WATTS= VOLTS x AMPS x PF P=E x I x PF W=V x A x PF
VOLTS= WATTS÷AMPS E=P÷I V=W÷A
VOLT-AMPS= VOLTS x AMPS VA=E x I VA=V x A
HORSEPOWER= (V x A x EFF x PF)÷746
POWERFACTOR= INPUT WATTS÷(V x A)
EFFICIENCY= (746 x HP)÷(V x A x PF)

AC - Three Phase ~

AMPS= WATTS÷(1.732 x VOLTS x PF) I = P÷(1.732 x E x PF)
WATTS= 1.732 x VOLTS x AMPS x PF P = 1.732 x E x I x PF
VOLTS= WATTS÷AMPS E=P÷I
VOLT-AMPS= 1.732 x VOLTS x AMPS VA=1.732 x E x I
HORSEPOWER= (1.732 x V x A x EFF x PF)÷746
POWERFACTOR= INPUT WATTS÷(1.732 x V x A)
EFFICIENCY= (746 x HP)÷(1.732 x V x A x PF)



Electrical Calculations


Electrical Definitions



Electrical Tables

AC Motor Tables

Transformer Tables





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